U.S.condo: good4modest renters !!investor unless hot location

update: some renters prefer simpler life in a condo.

I now feel condo is very popular for renters, with

  • relatively new facilities
  • location — high rise buildings are worth building only at prime locations, often near transportation and shopping.

However, investors are often better off with SFH or 2FH because

  1. can subdivide into tiny rooms
  2. can live on one floor and rent out another floor
  3. can expand to add a room
  4. land appreciates
  5. no HOA to erode the rental yield

##condo^house #index page

Key points:

  1. In a real shortlist, a house and a condo generally differ in condition (age) and location. House size tends to be larger. However, for comparison, let’s normalize:
  2. at the same location, for the same condition and (living area) size, houses offer more or less double the appreciation potential (due to land) and also x% higher psf due to yard, basement, attic, etc. (If total running cost is lower for a house, then additional y% psf.) These features command x% additional psf due to supply and demand. On the demand side, it seems most buyers value them more than I do, so it’s actually SILLY for me to pay that extra x% rather than 0.5x%.
    • For illustration, consider a home in a “happening place” with galleries, pubs and restaurants, so there’s 10% psf premium, but I want to avoid that premium
    • For illustration, homes in top school districts might command 50% psf premium, but the bachelor would avoid that premium
    • For illustration, homes close to transportation hubs command z% psf premium, but some drivers prefer privacy and space, so they should avoid paying the premium

— advantages of condo

  • smaller price tag at the same location. See i always prefer small investments, esp. property
  • size —- many smaller units like 1200 – 1500. Smaller price tag
  • street cleanliness —- at the same standard, a house often costs more.
  • age and condition —- most of the houses I have seen are low-end and very old wood structures
  • maintenance —- see my post maintenance cost: landed^condo
    • water pipes, heating equipment, wiring … less to worry about
  • often no stairs
  • Smaller range of variations in condition, quality, value.. —- fewer variables; more boundaries set by the condo. I see this as an advantage not limitation. Most of the decent “houses” are luxury by my standard.
  • renovation budget? —- probably more predictable and lower for condo. If a house of the same size requires the same renovation budget, then the house probably has a bigger price tag.
    • initial set-up cost —- and uncertainty thereof
  • pool, gym, playground
  • backyard? I see it less as an advantage, more as a burden, though kids may like it
  • gated community, feels safer
  • probably lower electricity, heating …
  • often concrete, rather than wood

— advantages of independent houses

  • easily collocate with tenant, either MFD or SFH with a back entrance.
  • tax + HOA ? —- (60% sure) in Bayonne I feel overall house is better for the same size + location + condition. See my post pTax^condo fee
  • no rental restrictions by committee
  • for the same usable size,
    • appreciation based on land
    • expansion potential? I have seen many examples, but every house I have seen has too many rooms than I need.
    • lots of storage space like basement, attic, after you spend some money and time working on them? I won’t need so much space. They encourage a wrong life style
  • wood is easier to modify with a contractor.
  • condo mortgage approval is harder and mortgage rate could be higher (in theory) so resale could be harder.
  • condition? often less luxury and more modest, leading to smaller psf price
  • maintenance —- you have cheaper options
  • less restrictions on re-layout? I won’t need it.
  • often more parking space

(land-oriented)property investment ]U.S.

Update — I need current income more than windfall!

Property investment can take a long time. If you can’t wait, then you may be disappointed, and it is better to focus on rental income in addition to appreciation.

  1. I believe Alan Shi who said that capital appreciation is based on land size not square footage of the “superstructure”. Therefore it’s lower for non-landed properties, unless it’s a very urban location, where only high-rises are available — JC waterfront, NYC…
    1. Kenneth Lemus (bofa) also agreed that the appreciation is mostly due to the land
    2. However, the land appreciation can take decades, perhaps longer than your lifespan!
  2. You can get a rough estimate of the 2 components in the valuation of a landed house by looking at the construction cost (perhaps 200k) vs the total price (perhaps 450k).
  3. Alan pointed out the superstructure (like a car) can only lose value over time; but land appreciates, over a longer timeframe like 20Y. In most cases, the land appreciation dwarfs the superstructure depreciation. However, in some cases the land and the location depreciates!
  4. I watched fixer upper. With a rundown landed property, you or next buyer could find contractors to tear down and rebuild [1] the “superstructure/上层建筑”, so the real thing that she bought is actually 1) location and 2) land size.

[1] at any budget you have

–Like in Singapore and HK (and Beijing, BGC, the Bridge…), high-rise condo can have capital appreciation too, if the location is such that only high-rise is possible. I have a tendency to emphasize and focus on condo appreciation because

  • my investment experience in Beijing and south east Asia
  • subconsciously I avoid driving (like I avoid fatty food or weddings), so I much prefer walkable communities with many shops and trains. Such locations tend to have no landed homes and only high-rise apartments.
  • rental demand is much higher in those prime locations
  • I don’t like to deal with repairs myself and rather pay a condo fee.

–In the cold light of day, I have to agree with Jack He that “In the same location, given the same unit size like 1500 sqf, a landed home always has higher value than an apartment“, because

  1. the landed asset gives owner more freedom and control.
  2. when it comes to repairs, you can do it quickly or slowly (delay just like condo), nicely or economically
  3. basement, garage, yard space all have utility value. All derive from the lot size.

–Give up appreciation! Among the many personal preferences, I may have to pick one to let go. It may have to be appreciation.

In reality, if I buy in a SD or CC1 location, appreciation is likely, but within such a location, one unit might have comparatively lower appreciation potential, perhaps due to age, structure, or ethnic make-up etc.

Walk-up is less popular but perhaps OK.

Su (Taiwan) said “pick the ranch with higher appreciation potential, if you feel indifferent about everything else”. Big “if” in most cases! For example, houses have higher potential but requires more maintenance (See maintenance effort(I hate it): house^condo)

–My tentative conclusion — In terms of investment, given my limited budget, tiny rental condo in a popular location can be justified -vs- a landed home in a remote township [1]:

  • condo could appreciate faster or less steadily than a remote landed house, over 15Y
  • condo fee vs pTax? Not sure. Jack He said condo wins.
  • rental income depends on location. A popular location may have more condos than houses.
  • given my existing property investments (mostly in popular locations), I don’t have to sacrifice short term needs for long term investment returns, esp when the long term gain may not materialize in my lifetime.

[1] Bayonne landed house is a rare combination of landed investment near the city.

Lisa’s aunt (Mrs Huang) pointed out that in a down turn, a good location won’t drop much. I think when the market heats up, the good locations tend to rise faster — compare TPY vs Admiralty. I believe her when she said that you can improve the “superstructure” but you can’t improve the location. However, XR said his location didn’t appreciate much. West Windsor didn’t either.

pTax^condo fee

In Bayonne, condo fees + tax is comparable or slightly higher as percentage of price, compared to a house in the same location. I feel same for West New York waterfront condos.

Jack He said can be lower in some places. Joe also said “much lower” in his part of white plains.

I hate pTax. It’s like rent. If your kids don’t go to a good school in the district, then this tax has no ROI.

Condo fee feels better. Hopefully it helps reduce my own maintenance $tcost.

 

maintenance effort(hated): house^condo

Junli said maintenance cost of a typical house (his area have very few condos) is much higher than an apartment in Singapore.

XR pointed out the difference between exterior vs interior maintenance. Condo fee covers exterior.

  • leaking?
  • flooding?
  • mold?
  • contamination?
  • maintain your own infrastructure for heating, wiring, pipes, antenna?
  • roof,
  • garage can take many hours of clean-up.
  • basement, attic, garage and yard need work and can become an eye sore, contamination and breeding ground for pests.
  • basement, attic, garage are “dark, cold” places I don’t want to go into esp. cold nights.
  • yard is the biggest effort. About 3 hours/week according to Jack He. Junli said it can take many days of maintenance. If you ignore it, it will get worse and worse.
  • I said I would just put concrete over the yard. Junli said sooner or later the foundation will give problems. I guess an old house are more likely to have foundation issues.

coop^condo^house, according to Joe31A,Alok..

For a 3BR house in a good school district, I may need 700k but a condo can be much cheaper, so I really need to find out the real trade-off.

Joe said coop is most restrictive. You aren’t allowed to make changes inside your unit. Alok said some coop board (“infamous” [1]) members could impose arbitrary rules such as what tenants you can bring in. Source [2] says There may be restrictions on your ability to rent out your condo or to sublet your co-op unit to someone else. It is not uncommon for condominiums and co-ops to prohibit such leases and sub-leases. More seriously, they could block your sale, so the “demand” on your asset could be artificially suppressed.

Condo is lower maintenance than houses. I agree with Joe. I said condo fee is high, but Joe pointed out pTax is lower. [1/2] say condo fees are lower then coop.

Financing — [2] says You can finance the purchase of a condo just as you would any other home (like a mortgage), but with a co-op, you’ll have to find a lender that’s willing to hold your co-op stock as security for repayment of the loan.

Joe felt condo purchase price is between coop and houses. Joe felt condo is the most easily available. He felt houses are harder to find.

http://www.moneycrashers.com/debate-single-family-home-or-townhouse/ points out that when you are away, the SFH would need someone to look after.

[1] http://www.huffingtonpost.com/greg-jacobs/coop-vs-condo-what-you-ne_b_3460551.html

[2] http://real-estate.lawyers.com/condominium-law/the-basics-of-condos-and-co-ops.html

[3] —– http://archive.northjersey.com/towns/co-ops-can-be-just-the-ticket-1.1251251?page=all is the last straw to break all my hopes about co-op:

“Condos sell for more than co-ops; the guesstimate is that each apartment will go up in value between 50 and 100 percent,” she said. That higher value is tied, in part, to the fact there are so many restrictions at co-ops. And that’s the freedom that residents were looking for, she said. Living in a co-op, residents could not get home equity loans, reverse mortgages and second mortgages or buy an apartment in the name of a corporation or a relative. They were strictly limited in renting out their homes, and the co-op board dictated when and how they could refinance their mortgages.

Here is the case of a buyer looking to come into a building with an all-cash offer, no debt and $200,000 in the bank. The co-op board still felt his financials were not strong enough, said Anderson, CEO of the Alexander Anderson Real Estate Group in Hackensack and Jersey City. “The potential buyer was upset, and he wound up renting an apartment, and the seller was upset because it took more than a year and a half to sell,” Anderson said.